Unit 01_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Getting meaningful feedback on your performance is a powerful strategy for learning anything.

02 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness of existence.

[A]

03 Knowing how climate has changed over millions of years is vital to properly assess current global warming trends.

04 Giving people the latitude and flexibility to use their judgment and apply their talents rapidly accelerates progress.

05 To think that you know something without actually knowing it is a serious mistake.

[B]

06 Considering issues in an appropriate context will help you accurately evaluate the pros and cons of a decision.

07 Is passing large sums of wealth on to your children good for them or right for society?

08 Raising awareness of children about the particular characteristics of SNS and the potential long-term impact of a seemingly trivial act is crucial.

09 To conquer oneself is the best and noblest victory; to be vanquished by one’s own nature is the worst and most ignoble defeat.

[C]

10 Investing regularly in learning opportunities is one of the greatest gifts you can give yourself.

11 Having a large vocabulary makes reading more enjoyable and increases the range of materials that you can explore.

12 To say that AI will start doing what it wants for its own purposes is like saying a calculator will start making its own calculations.

Unit 02_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 That some organisms must starve in nature is deeply regrettable and sad.

02 What works for most job seekers is to look through their past experiences to help them build for the future.

[A]

03 Whether an object floats on water depends on the density of both the object and the water.

04 When Stonehenge was built is known, but why it was built remains a mystery.

05 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.

[B]

06 Whoever acquires knowledge but does not practice it is as one who ploughs but does not sow.

07 What we have done for ourselves alone dies with us; what we have done for others and the world remains and is immortal.

08 How the universe began is a fundamental question which has occupied the minds of men from prehistoric times.

09 That witches caused disasters and misfortunes was widely believed among early American settlers.

[C]

10 What makes organisms different from the materials that compose them is their level of organization.

11 How successful we are at forming good relationships and how valued we feel by other people make a big difference in how good we feel about ourselves.

12 Whatever we expect with confidence becomes our own self-fulfilling prophecy.

Unit 03_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 It is usual in this world for the weak to become the victim of the strong.

02 It is a common superstition that a black cat crossing your path is bad luck.

[A]

03 It’s fine to celebrate success but it is more important to heed the lessons of failure.

04 It’s no use locking the stable door after the horse has bolted.

05 It matters not what someone is born, but what they grow to be.

[B]

06 It is the essence of scientific thinking to propose alternative ideas and then to test them against existing concepts.

07 It was very careless of her to leave the medicine where the children could reach it.

08 With all the passion for being slim, it is no wonder that many people view any amount of visible fat on the body as something to get rid of.

09 It’s amazing how much more you learn when you pause, quiet your mind, and listen to what others say.

[C]

10 Grown-ups never understand anything by themselves, and it is tiresome for children to be always and forever explaining things to them.

11 With today’s latest virtual reality technologies, it is now possible for designers to create real-world situations in a digital environment.

12 It’s not yet clear whether the Prime Minister’s resignation offer is a serious one, or whether it’s simply a tactical move.

Unit 04_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 The ability to ask the right question is more than half the battle of finding the answer.

02 The candidates applying for the job must know the qualifications required for the job.

[A]

03 The simple act of typing a few words into a search engine will virtually instantaneously produce links related to the topic at hand.

04 The only way to understand a word fully is to see it in use in many contexts.

05 The microwaves emitted from mobile phones can interfere with sensitive electronic equipment.

[B]

06 An outstanding feature in the evolution of modern man is the growth of the size of the brain.

07 Many present efforts to guard and maintain human progress, to meet human needs, and to realize human ambitions are simply unsustainable—in both rich and poor nations.

08 Scientists studying genes in yeast cells recently found a chemical that seems to work with a longevity gene to increase the yeast cell’s lifespan.

09 Foreign, or alien, species introduced accidentally or intentionally into new territories often do well in their new homes because conditions may be highly favorable to their growth and reproduction.

[C]

10 Speculations about the meaning and purpose of prehistoric art rely heavily on analogies drawn with modern-day hunter-gatherer societies.

11 The best way to protect your computer from viruses and spyware is to install a recommended anti-virus program.

12 The carbon dioxide given off when coal and oil are burned is accumulating in the atmosphere and causing temperatures to rise.

Unit 05_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Species which have not been able to survive in changing living conditions have become extinct.

02 The reason why we have two ears and only one mouth is that we may listen more and talk less.

[A]

03 The creativity that children possess needs to be cultivated throughout their development.

04 A person who works on an assembly line is well aware of the efficiency that can be gained through repetition.

05 The one area where the Internet could be considered to be an aid to thinking is the rapid procurement of new information.

[B]

06 People who have a high sense of self-efficacy tend to pursue challenging goals that may be outside the reach of the average person.

07 The idealism that freed men from most of their ancient fetters awakened women to a realization of their unequal position in society.

08 A classroom where students feel involved and respected will reduce discipline issues, increase student motivation, and ultimately enhance learning.

09 The way that we behave in a given situation is often influenced by how important one value is to us relative to others.

[C]

10 Someone who reads only newspapers and books by contemporary authors looks to me like a near-sighted person.

11 The impressions that a child receives from his environment during the first years of life influence his intellectual development and character very basically.

12 The period when humans began growing crops, raising animals for food, and using stone-tool technology is referred to as the Neolithic period.

Unit 06_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 The fact that a book or publication is popular does not necessarily make it of value.

02 The bodies of flowing ice we call glaciers are the most spectacular of natural features.

[A]

03 The rule that nouns form their plural by adding “s” does not apply to the word “mouse.”

04 The first impressions we form about someone often affect our impression of subsequent perceptions of that person.

05 One of the most important reasons we need to send humans to Mars is to determine whether there ever was or even still is life on Mars.

[B]

06 The announcement that the first stages of human cloning have been achieved leaves us wondering where it will all end.

07 The living organisms we now see all have their structure based upon the element carbon.

08 The words you speak to someone may have the potential to make or break that person, so it is important to choose words carefully.

09 The way we wish the world to be is how, in the movies, it more often than not winds up being.

[C]

10 The complaint that immigrants take people’s jobs is, like similar complaints about technology, based on an erroneously static view of the world.

11 The seemingly impractical knowledge we gain from space probes to other worlds tells us about our planet and our own role in the scheme of nature.

12 The period when humans began growing crops, raising animals for food, and using stone-tool technology is referred to as the Neolithic period.

Chapter 01 Review_실전편

[A]

01 Whatever happens, happens for a reason.

02 What people eat, when they eat, and how they eat are all patterned by culture.

03 Being able to predict how other people might feel, act, or react is a skill that helps us build better relationships.

04 With a bit of unbiased examination of our motives, it is hard to deny that we have a strong bias toward our individual interests.

[B]

05 Learning how to persuade people will earn you the support and respect of your customers, bosses, co-workers, colleagues and friends.

06  In nature, there is no such thing as waste. What dies or becomes useless in one part of an ecosystem nourishes another part.

07 Physical and physiological features or behaviors of an organism that once may have contributed to its reproductive success but no longer do so become  susceptible to elimination by natural selection.

[C]

08 Learning science through inquiry is a primary principle in education today.

09 It is difficult to see ourselves through the lenses of others.

10 The belly fat disorder caused by lack of physical activity leads to a decreased rate of metabolism in our body.

[D]

11 What traditional entertainment always promised was to transport us from our daily problems, to enable us to escape from the struggles of life.

12 The discrepancy between the  understanding of the writer and that of the audience is the single greatest impediment to accurate communication.

13 Any scientist who announces a so-called discovery at a press conference without first permitting expert reviewers to examine his or her claims is automatically castigated as a publicity seeker.

Unit 07_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Many experts in childhood development think of play as the “work of children.”

02 Pride prevents individuals from experiencing their true value or the true value of others.

[A]

03 We can compare life to a roller coaster because it has ups and downs, but it’s your choice to scream or enjoy the ride.

04 Future generations may blame us for our wasteful ways, but they can never collect on our debt to them.

05 Never deprive someone of hope; it might be all they have.

[B]

06 The competent, confident, and caring young adults saw themselves as the masters of their own fate and viewed negative events not as threats but as challenges and even opportunities.

07 Movies provide us with the happy endings and the just solutions that we cherish in our hearts.

08 If you feel threatened every time a perceived rival does well, remind yourself of your own strengths and successes.

09 Throughout history there have been efforts to distinguish the guilty from the innocent and to tell the liars from the truthful.

[C]

10 Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude.

11  Most scientists attribute extraordinary memory performance to an enhanced ability to associate or organize the information to be memorized, rather than true photographic memory.

12 When individuals have a true sense of self-worth, they do not need to compare themselves with others, to tear others apart or feel superior.

Unit 08_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 You shouldn’t have driven that car with the faulty brakes. You might have had a serious accident.

02  I would rather walk with a friend in the dark, than alone in the light.

[A]

03 I was never top of the class at school, but my classmates must have seen potential in me, because my nickname was “Einstein.”

04 One’s true feelings cannot but come through in what one says and does.

05 A man may well be condemned, not for doing something, but for doing nothing.

[B]

06 It’s defeatist to harp on what might have been, and yet, it’s hard to resist considering what might have been.

07  The suspect can’t have committed the crime as he was in another country at the moment of the murder.

08 You might as well expect rivers to run backwards as any man born free to be contented penned up.

09 The Brothers Karamazov, one of the peaks in the literature of the world, can hardly be valued too highly.

[C]

10 The universe must have originated from a more compact state that we call the Big Bang.

11  When the epidemic broke out, it claimed many lives. The authorities ought to have taken precautions to prevent the epidemic.

12  I would rather be a ghost, drifting by your side as a condemned soul, than enter  heaven without you.

Unit 09_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 We are all now connected by the Internet, like neurons in a giant brain.

02 Solar power and wind power are considered alternatives to fossil-fuel-based energy generation.

[A]

03 The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched. They must be felt with the heart.

04 Unfortunately, the rain forests are being cut down at a shocking rate to provide humans with lumber, pasture land, and farm land.

05 Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth’s surface.

[B]

06 Information is extracted or learned from sources of data, and this captured information is then transformed into knowledge that is eventually used to trigger actions or decisions.

07 Genetic tendencies toward intelligence, sociability, and aggression can be stimulated, controlled, or suppressed by parental response and other environmental influences.

08 Hacking is commonly described as the act of re-designing the configuration of hardware or software systems to alter their intended function.

09 It is estimated that we have characterized only one percent of all bacterial species that exist.

[C]

10 Test papers may not be taken out of the examination room.

11 Don’t judge people by their covers. Most of their books are still being written.

12 Confirmed scientific theories are often referred to as “laws of nature” or “laws of physics.”

Chapter 02 Review_실전편

[A]

01 Primitive societies tend to view man and beast, animal and plant, organic and inorganic realms, as participants in an integrated, animated totality.

02 You can fail at what you don’t want, so you might as well take a chance on doing what you love.

03 I’d rather be hated for who I am, than loved for who I am not.

04 Quantum theory states that energy, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny definite units called quanta or photons.

[B]

05 A copyright supplies its holder with a kind of monopoly over the created material, and it assures him or her of both control over its use and the benefits from it.

06 The show is all booked up. You should have purchased tickets earlier. Would you like to be put on a waiting list?

07 Scientists assume that Earth must have formed from dry material and acquired its water through objects from more distant, icy reaches of the solar system crashing into Earth.

08 The personal computer is designed for the general function of handling and processing information, but exactly how the PC is used is not predetermined.

[C]

09 I couldn’t access the website because it was being updated.

10 It is sometimes alleged, by linguists, that language must have been invented at some recent point in the past.

[D]

11 The scientist attributed changes in the climate to global warming and pollution of the atmosphere.

12 A spongy three-pound mass of fatty tissue, the brain has often been compared to a super-computer.

Unit 10_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Both countries agreed to abolish their tariff walls within 5 years.

02 I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you.

[A]

03 I don’t mind listening to advice that I’ve asked for, but I refuse to be preached at.

04 I almost forgot the storyline of the Disney movie Frozen, but I do remember waiting in line to see the movie.

05 Politicians are the same all over. They promise to build a bridge even where there is no river.

[B]

06 No one’s instincts are always correct; so how do you know when to follow them and when to ignore them?

07 The drunken man admitted stealing the car, but denied driving it under the influence of alcohol.

08 Once I forgot to turn off the oven and I shall never forget seeing the expression on the faces of the rest of the family when they realized they had nothing to eat.

09 We stopped checking for monsters under our bed when we realized they were inside us.

[C]

10 After careful consideration of your proposal, I regret to say that we are unable to accept it.

11 I’ve never regretted saying a kind word to someone, but I have regretted plenty of mean things I have said and done.

12 Life will knock us down, but we can choose whether or not to stand back up.

Unit 11_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 A judge must decide whether a person is guilty or innocent of a crime.

02 Your present circumstances don’t determine where you can go; they merely determine where you start.

[A]

03 The great astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that all distant galaxies are receding from our Milky Way Galaxy.

04 The woman who was on passport control asked me if I had any further identification.

05 People who are satisfied appreciate what they have in life and don’t worry about how it compares to what others have.

[B]

06 Perhaps, we’ve just forgotten that we are still pioneers, that we’ve barely begun, and that our greatest accomplishments cannot be behind us.

07 Actors are so fortunate. They can choose whether they will appear in tragedy or in comedy, whether they will suffer or make merry, laugh or shed tears.

08 Environmentalists argue no system of waste disposal can be absolutely safe, either now or in the future.

09 Either Saturday or Monday, choose whichever is more convenient for you.

[C]

10 Indeed, a brief look at a dictionary will show you that the majority of words are used with more than one meaning.

11 In times of social, cultural or religious sensitivity one might wonder whether it is ethical to avoid, or not to avoid, questions that might increase conflict.

12 The government will take whatever action is necessary to achieve monetary and financial stability.

Unit 12_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Artificial intelligence makes it possible for machines to learn from experience and perform human tasks.

02 We should not take it for granted that classic moral stories will automatically promote moral behaviors.

[A]

03 The European Union has found it difficult to reach a consensus on economic issues.

04 Our research makes it evident that many imaginative children often invent imaginary playmates.

05 Engrave it on your heart that a little help is worth a deal of pity.

[B]

06 Even if you don’t read a newspaper or watch television, and walk around the streets with your eyes down, you’ll find it impossible to avoid some form of publicity.

07 I make it a rule not to clutter my mind with simple information that I can find in a book in five minutes.

08 We owe it to our children to give them a dignified and hopeful future.

09 Bear it in mind when a life storm breaks that, no matter how violent, it is only temporary and that behind the clouds the sun is always shining.

[C]

10 The internet has made it easy for us to hear whatever we like the most in mere seconds.

11 At certain times in history, cultures have taken it for granted that a person was not fully human unless he or she learned to master thoughts and feelings.

12 Every man who knows how to read has it in his power to magnify himself, to multiply the ways in which he exists, to make his life full, significant, and interesting.

Unit 13_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Our bodies have the natural ability to fight off bacteria and diseases when they enter our bodies.

02 We often experience unexpected results brought about by words carelessly used.

[A]

03 Healthy living in individuals lays the foundation for healthy living throughout society and the world.

04 You have the right to be given a fair trial by a court of law if you are accused of a crime.

05 I have received an email offering me a job for an unknown company that I don’t remember applying to.

[B]

06 The use of words itself yields, upon analysis, valuable results illustrative of the various temperaments of authors.

07 At times our own light goes out and is rekindled by a spark from another person. Each of us has cause to think with deep gratitude of those who have lighted the flame within us.

08 Regular exercise increases the amount of blood flowing through your brain.

09 We should reduce hazardous and toxic chemicals released into the air and water.

[C]

10 Certainly, Leonardo da Vinci had an unusual mind and an uncanny ability to see what others didn’t see.

11 Scientists at NASA have spotted six asteroids heading in the direction of Earth, with one of them having a size larger than the Empire State Building.

12 Google and other carmakers around the world are developing technologies applied to currently “manned” vehicles to permit drivers to take their hands off the wheel and focus on other tasks.

Unit 14_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 We trust leaders who are real, who walk their talk, who act on their core values, and who tell us the truth.

02 We are approaching the time when machines will be able to outperform humans at almost any task.

[A]

03 Basic scientific research provides the raw materials that technology and engineering use to solve problems.

04 Personality psychologists had underestimated the extent to which the social situation shapes people’s behavior, independently of their personality.

05 The word “fable” frequently denotes a brief tale where animals or inanimate objects speak and behave like humans, usually to advance a moral point.

[B]

06 I fear not the man who has practiced 10,000 kicks once, but I fear the man who has practiced one kick 10,000 times.

07 Our atmosphere supplies most of the oxygen which animals must have to survive, as well as the carbon dioxide needed by plants.

08 Choose words that are more expressive, like ‘great’ or ‘terrific’ or ‘wonderful’ if you want to express pleasure.

09 We will eventually reach a point at which conflict with the finite nature of resources is inevitable.

[C]

10 ’Jack-of-all-trades’ means those who claim to be proficient at countless tasks but cannot perform a single one of them well.

11 We are thoroughly enjoying the immediate benefits of attractive consumer goods that we generate from producing and disseminating hazardous chemicals.

12 School physical education programs should offer a balanced variety of activities that allow young people to develop ability in lifetime activities that are personally meaningful and enjoyable.

Chapter 03 Review_실전편

[A]

01 Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet. Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist.

02  Some people make it difficult for others to tell them the truth because they respond rudely or emotionally to people who tell the truth.

03 Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do and they will surprise you with their ingenuity.

04 People will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.

[B]

05 NASA said the satellite stopped working within hours of its launch and did not responded to attempts to communicate with it.

06 Do regular maintenance on your vehicles: Do not skimp on or forget to do regular oil changes.

07 No one knows just what impact the buildup of CO2 will have, but some scientists fear that the globe will continue to warm up, bringing on wrenching climatic changes.

08 Focusing on on-line interaction with people who are engaged in the same specialized area can limit potential sources of information and thus make it less probable for unexpected findings to happen.

[C]

09 I realized I had forgotten to lock the door before I’d only gone a few steps down the road.

10 The law of universal gravitation explains how the force of gravity affects all objects in the universe.

11 I think it necessary for people to realize what we are doing to the environment each time we throw away plastic.

[D]

12 Sometimes in the midst of life’s chaos we forget to do the little things that remind us we’re part of something greater than ourselves.

13 Taking the time to truly understand another’s point of view shows that you value what he says and care about him as a person.

14 Children raised in households that foster communication find it easier to talk to others about their emotions later in life.

Unit 15_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 The supreme accomplishment is to blur the line between work and play.

02 The most popular cyber crimes are hacking a person’s personal account and spreading a computer virus.

[A]

03 Knowledge of the world is only to be acquired in the world, and not in a closet.

04 From the perspective of the individual working person, the key to a great workplace is feeling wanted and important.

05 Disease, action that might produce disease, and recovery from disease are of vital concern to the whole primitive community.

[B]

06 Average consumers all over the world still remain unconvinced of the value and usefulness of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin.

07 The goal of science is to learn how nature works by observing the physical world, and to understand it through research and experimentation.

08 Faith is taking the first step even when you don’t see the whole staircase.

09 Life isn’t about waiting for the storm to pass. It’s about learning how to dance in the rain.

[C]

10 The only way to understand a word fully is to see it in use in as many contexts as possible.

11 What the textbooks do not teach you is when to apply the knowledge.

12 The most important factor in a happy life is having a good social network that you can depend on.

Unit 16_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Life’s tragedy is that we get old too soon and wise too late.

02 Challenges are what make life interesting and overcoming them is what makes life meaningful.

[A]

03 If you don’t design your own life plan, chances are you’ll fall into someone else’s plan.

04 Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.

05 The acid test of a good driver is whether he or she remains calm in an emergency.

[B]

06 A decline of empathy and a rise in narcissism are exactly what we would expect to see in children who have little opportunity to play socially.

07 The measure of a true champion is not how they win. It’s how they handle defeat.

08 The new processor is to other processors what a Ferrari is to other cars : i.e. faster.

09 The meaning of a poem is whatever the author intends to communicate to the reader by means of the poem.

[C]

10 An important lesson to remember is that we should try to see the positives in life even while we are stuck in the middle of trouble.

11 One key social competence is how well or poorly people express their own feelings.

12 Facts are to the scientist what words are to the poet.

Unit 17_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Internet social networking allows us to expand our circle of friends.

02 We must not let the virtual world take us away from the real world that doesn’t go away with a power outage.

[A]

03 If you used the same password on any other site, we encourage you to change your password there as well.

04 The realities of growing older and the sense of brevity of our own lives often make us question the meaning of our existence.

05 Day after day, I watched the parent birds feed their newly hatched chicks, and I watched the chicks grow.

[B]

06 You can force the horse to go to the river but you cannot force the horse to drink from it.

07 When you read, focusing on the main idea helps you understand the details better.

08 Most universities have students fill out an evaluation of every course they take.

09 When the clock said ten minutes to five, punctually as always, she heard the car approach and stop outside.

[C]

10 To improve their own chances of survival, some parasites cause their hosts to act in ways that are very different from their normal behavior.

11 Before you marry a person, you should first make them use a computer with slow Internet service to see who they really are.

12 I’ve seen couples from different ethnic groups merge into harmonious relationships, and I’ve seen people from different religions come together for a strong, lasting bond.

Unit 18_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 In the downtown area I often see homeless people begging for money all around the stoplights.

02 I saw a car pulled over on the side of the road while I was driving home.

[A]

03  The front desk clerk was on the phone and kept us waiting to check in for a long time.

04 Many debtors of the bank now find themselves caught in a serious financial position.

05 Unless we take good care of our teeth we may have them all pulled out and have a set of false teeth made to replace them.

[B]

06 The air we breathe in and out keeps our hearts beating and our blood moving along our veins and arteries.

07 I heard the dogs barking fiercely late at night, so I came outside to see what was going on.

08 Customers want their food delivered fast, and they want it to arrive hot.

09 Although I have known the judge for a long time, I never heard him spoken ill of by others.

[C]

10 Winners will have their essays posted on our website. Among the winners, only the first prize winner will have his or her essay published in our magazine.

11 Up on the green, green shoulder of hill rising to the west I could see a small group of cattle grazing, and, below them on a gentler slope, several dozen chickens wandering down to the meadow.

12 Being in the spotlight made Tom feel tense. He tried to deliver his lines as best as he could, but he could feel his voice shaking.

Unit 19_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Painting is only a bridge linking the painter’s mind with that of the viewer.

02 Rehearsing what you want to say can help you find a better way to say it.

[A]

03 Knowledge workers are the ones responsible for keeping the hightech economy running.

04 In 1953, Jacqueline Cochran became the first woman pilot to break the sound barrier. Additionally, she was the first female to pilot a jet across the Atlantic.

05 We should let our beliefs and values guide our decisions about how to live our life.

[B]

06 Improved methods of transportation are forcing man to discard the concept of distance in the past responsible for keeping people separated.

07 Humans became the only species to acquire guidance on how to live from the accumulated knowledge of their ancestors, rather than just from their DNA.

08 The global village is all the countries of the world thought of as being closely connected by modern communication and trade.

09 A day without a friend is like a pot without a single drop of honey left inside.

[C]

10 A mouse is a device making it easier to select different options from computer menus.

11 Hindsight bias is a term used in psychology to explain the tendency of people to overestimate their ability to have predicted an outcome that could not possibly have been predicted.

12 Lots of countries wanted their pharmaceutical companies to be the first to succeed in developing vaccines and treatments for coronavirus.

Unit 20_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.

02 Life is a game where there are multiple winners.

[A]

03 King Arthur was a legendary king who brought peace to his kingdom by vanquishing all forms of evil.

04 In family life, love is the oil that eases friction, the cement that binds closer together, and the music that brings harmony.

05 Nutrition education in schools can help more students eat balanced diets that include more vegetables and have a healthy life.

[B]

06 According to one traditional definition, aesthetics is the branch of philosophy that deals with beauty, especially beauty in the arts.

07 Love is like a beautiful flower which I may not touch, but whose fragrance makes the garden a place of delight just the same.

08 I consider nature a vast chemical laboratory in which all kinds of composition and decompositions are formed.

09 At the personal level, competition allows us to become the best individual we can be.

[C]

10 In many situations the boundary between good and bad is a reference point that changes over time and depends on the immediate circumstances.

11 Better keep yourself clean and bright; you are the window through which you must see the world.

12 Every novel is an equal collaboration between the writer and the reader and it is the only place in the world where two strangers can meet on terms of absolute intimacy.

Chapter 04 Review_실전편

[A]

01 Words are to language what notes are to music.

02 Don’t let what you can’t do stop you from doing what you can do.

03 A central lesson of science is that we must try to free our minds of dogma and to guarantee the freedom to publish, to contradict, and to experiment.

04 Technological advances will allow high-performance athletes to move faster, jump higher, hit harder, and improve their consistency.

[B]

05 Walking up the path and back to the car, they could still hear the fish splashing in the water.

06 I didn’t have time to shop at the market yesterday, so I phoned the store and had the groceries delivered.

07 The experience of eating a pile of unwanted cabbage until they feel sick is hardly going to make children jump for joy the next time it is served.

[C]

08 When the man returned to his car, he found car windows broken.

09 The growth of scientific knowledge has allowed us to control some of the risks of life.

10 One of the most fundamental characteristics of money is that it acts as an easily transportable store of value.

[D]

11 Yes and No are the two most important words that determine your destiny in life.

12 One of the principal aims of the sciences is to extend the range of our limited senses by translating invisible and inaudible phenomena into events that can be seen or heard.

13 Nuclear weapons have turned war between superpowers into a mad act of collective suicide, and forced the most powerful nations on earth to find peaceful ways to resolve conflicts.

Unit 21_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Now the Internet has become a well-integrated technology essential to global business and culture.

02 All people have the right to medical care regardless of race, religion, creed or political affiliation.

[A]

03 A small blue car with an unknown driver at the wheel was following close behind my car.

04 The greatest scientific discoveries are the product of imagination, curiosity, and years of careful research.

05 A global network of non-government organizations works toward eliminating the production and use of toxic chemicals harmful to human health and the environment.

[B]

06 Read the instructions on the front cover of each test carefully.

07 Microsoft Excel is a flexible and user-friendly software suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.

08 Empathy in the sense of adopting someone’s viewpoint is not the same as empathy in the sense of feeling compassion toward the person, but the first can lead to the second by a natural route.

09 Love is the only force capable of transforming an enemy into a friend.

[C]

10 The particular strategies appropriate to an organization depend to a large extent on the political and financial circumstances of the organization.

11 Challenges to new ideas are the legitimate business of science in building valid knowledge.

12 Often the difference between feeling fulfilled at work and feeling empty, lost, annoyed, and burned out is all about whether or not you’re learning anything.

Unit 22_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 The human species is unique in its ability to expand its functionality by inventing new cultural tools.

02 Climate is the total sum of the weather experienced over a long enough time period for the pattern to be established.

[A]

03 Robots are not equipped with capabilities like humans to solve problems as they arise.

04 The common idea of a creative individual coming up with great insights, discoveries, works, or inventions in isolation is wrong.

05 The story called The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is the famous story of a good man sometimes turning into a horrible monster.

[B]

06 People judged to be functionally illiterate lack the basic reading and writing skills required in everyday life.

07 Yeast cells growing on a grape skin obtain energy from nutrient molecules originally processed within the grape leaves and stored within the fruit.

08 You must pay the past-due balance by the date written on the front page of your bill to avoid the late fee.

09 On February 9th, 2020, South Korean movie Parasite became the first foreign-language film to be crowned Best Picture at the Academy Awards.

[C]

10 The order to abandon ship automatically assumes two rules : women and children are first, and the captain is the last to leave or goes down with his vessel.

11 The company has decided to launch a new campaign targeting  inexperienced college graduates preparing to enter the job market for the first time.

12 The desire to fly is an idea handed down to us by our ancestors who looked enviously on the birds soaring freely through space on the infinite highway of the air.

Unit 22_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 The human species is unique in its ability to expand its functionality by inventing new cultural tools.

02 Climate is the total sum of the weather experienced over a long enough time period for the pattern to be established.

[A]

03 Robots are not equipped with capabilities like humans to solve problems as they arise.

04 The common idea of a creative individual coming up with great insights, discoveries, works, or inventions in isolation is wrong.

05 The story called The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is the famous story of a good man sometimes turning into a horrible monster.

[B]

06 People judged to be functionally illiterate lack the basic reading and writing skills required in everyday life.

07 Yeast cells growing on a grape skin obtain energy from nutrient molecules originally processed within the grape leaves and stored within the fruit.

08 You must pay the past-due balance by the date written on the front page of your bill to avoid the late fee.

09 On February 9th, 2020, South Korean movie Parasite became the first foreign-language film to be crowned Best Picture at the Academy Awards.

[C]

10 The order to abandon ship automatically assumes two rules : women and children are first, and the captain is the last to leave or goes down with his vessel.

11 The company has decided to launch a new campaign targeting  inexperienced college graduates preparing to enter the job market for the first time.

12 The desire to fly is an idea handed down to us by our ancestors who looked enviously on the birds soaring freely through space on the infinite highway of the air.

Chapter 05 Review_실전편

[A]

01 We enclose here a copy of our illustrated catalogue about the main items available at present.

02 Two of the hardest tests in life are the patience to wait for the right moment and the courage to accept whatever you encounter.

03 We listened to the sound of the rain beating down on the roof and thunder rolling off in the distance.

04 Words acquire objective meanings because of the “pull” exerted by social pressures to conform to publicly approved usage.

[B]

05 The Superhero Walkathon is an annual fundraising walking event held to support the Active Way, a charity dedicated to granting the wishes of terminally ill children.

06 Man’s ability to walk upright and use his hands, and his natural capacity to see into the distance instead of looking at the ground, became weapons of survival.

07 In the information age, reliance on expert intuition will gradually be replaced by computer programs processing the relevant data using rules known as algorithms.

08 The visual preoccupation of early humans with the nonhuman creatures inhabiting their world becomes profoundly meaningful.

[C]

09 Changes to one part of our ecosystem , even a small part, have consequences for everything else.

10 A layer of a gas called ozone in the upper atmosphere protects us from harmful rays of the Sun.

11 Facebook and Instagram announced new policy restricting sales and content for tobacco and alcohol products.

Unit 23_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Social welfare is a set of activities which have, in part, been directed to offset unequal distribution.

02 A Korean speaker uses different verb forms depending on his or her relationship to the person whom he or she is speaking to.

[A]

03 Birds that in the breeding season fight one another to death over territory may end up in the same flock during migration.

04 Culture shock is the feeling of confusion felt by someone visiting a country or place whose culture they do not know.

05 We define cognitive intrigue as the wonder that stimulates and intrinsically motivates an individual to voluntarily engage in an activity.

[B]

06 Time is too slow for those who wait, too swift for those who fear, too long for those who grieve, too short for those who rejoice, but for those who love, time is eternity.

07 The man with a toothache thinks that everyone whose teeth are sound is happy. The poverty-stricken man makes the same mistake about the rich man.

08 The term “placebo” is used to describe a “pill” which contains no medical ingredients but which often produces the same effect as genuine medication.

09 Flu and colds spread very quickly, especially with the large amount of contact that people now have with each other.

[C]

10 Andy Weir wrote “The Martian” for science fiction readers who want their stories firmly grounded in scientific fact.

11 A rain forest is a virtually untapped storehouse of evolutionary achievement  that will prove increasingly valuable to mankind as it yields its secrets.

12 Those people, organizations, and countries that possess the highest-quality information are likely to prosper economically, socially, and politically.

Unit 24_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Many authors today are creating fairy stories in which the heroines are more active.

02 It is often difficult to get books back from people to whom you have lent them.

[A]

03 Sincere apologies are for those that make them, not for those to whom they are made.

04 Even the exact same question can elicit very different responses depending on the context in which the question occurs.

05 When a seed grows into a tree, it represents only a change in the degree to which its potential, always inherent in its original nature, is realized.

[B]

06 I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp of experience.

07  What makes a study scientific is not the nature of the things with which it is concerned, but the method by which it deals with those things.

08 All human societies have economic systems within which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed.

09 Spider-Man was a tremendous hit with readers because it gave millions of teenagers a hero with whom they could identify.

[C]

10 The effectiveness of human society is largely dependent upon the clarity, accuracy, and efficiency with which language is used or understood.

11 Separation anxiety disorder is defined as excessive worry and fear about being apart from individuals to whom a child is most attached.

12 Social influence is the process by which individuals adapt their opinion, revise their beliefs, or change their behavior as a result of social interactions with other people.

Unit 25_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 We are living in the first century when the greatest skills will come from human actions rather than from nature.

02  Competition becomes a zero sum game where one organization can only win at the expense of others.

[A]

03 We are embarking on a time when each individual will have all their own medical data and the computing power to process it in the context of their own world.

04  The reason why worry kills more people than work is that more people worry than work.

05 The way people act is often influenced by experiences that they had in the past and by the need to fulfill basic human needs.

[B]

06 We look forward to the time when the Power of Love will replace the Love of Power. Then will our world know the blessings of peace.

07 In general, people accept job offers where the monetary compensation is near the amount that they were hoping for.

08 Possibly, we all have high points and low points in our creative cycles. This may be the reason why we have “good days” and “bad days” at work.

09 In today’s digital environment, appearing in the mainstream news is still an important way that citizens can communicate with a broader community about events and issues.

[C]

10 The best picture books contain words and pictures that complement each other and are dependent upon each other to the point that one would be ineffective without the other.

11 The food industry has made a fortune because we retain Stone Age bodies that crave sugar but live in a Space Age world where sugar is cheap and plentiful.

12 Friendship is born at that moment when one says to another, “What! You too? I thought I was the only one.”

Unit 26_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 There are some among us fortune smiles on, and others she frowns at.

02 Scientists can answer when and how the universe began, but cannot calculate the reason it began.

[A]

03 I am writing to you regarding a price discrepancy I encountered between an item offered in your retail store and the same item offered on your website.

04 This country imports about two-thirds of the raw materials it needs and exports approximately three-fifths of the machinery it produces.

05  The advent of driverless cars and other vehicles promises to revolutionize the way the world transports itself goods every day.

[B]

06 One of the most effective ways to calm down from stress is intimate contact with people you trust and feel comfortable around.

07 Leaders need to safeguard the faith people have in them by acting in accordance with the expectations they have raised themselves.

08 One reason most dogs are much happier than most people is that dogs aren’t affected by external circumstances the way we are.

09 An instructor should exemplify the things he seeks to teach. It will be of great advantage if you yourself can do all you ask of your students and more.

[C]

10 Before a job interview, it is a good idea to find out some background information about the company you would be working for.

11 Because of the huge volume of clouds it generates, the Amazon River system plays a major role in the way the sun’s heat is distributed around the globe.

12 Do you think that being able to list all the reasons you love a person enables you to love that person more or differently?

Unit 27_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 I can’t think of any good film at the moment that I’d like to see.

02 That government is best which governs least, because its people discipline themselves.

[A]

03 Some people recognize humans as the only one among the living organisms that can change its behavior to preserve other species.

04 Courage doesn’t always roar. Sometimes courage is the little voice at the end of the day that says “I’ll try again tomorrow.”

05 Creative solutions are required which not only answer yesterday’s questions but also anticipate tomorrow’s needs.

[B]

06 A gene is a part of a cell in a living thing that controls what it looks like, how it grows, and how it develops.

07 Hospices care for patients suffering from incurable diseases who are not expected to live for more than a year.

08 From smart cities to self-driving cars, technology is needed that can allow devices and services to access great volumes of data.

09 The time will come when people will see that my paintings are worth more than the price of the paint.

[C]

10 The ultimate life force lies in tiny cellular factories of energy, called mitochondria, that burn nearly all the oxygen we breathe in.

11 Most professors see themselves in a position of professional authority over their students which they earned by many years of study.

12 Art has mostly been considered in terms of seeking beauty, but there are other reasons deeply rooted in the human experience that create needs for art.

Unit 28_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Costa Rica was discovered and named by Christopher Columbus, who thought it might be a land rich with gold.

02 Change, which is an essential part of our life, can have both positive and negative effects.

[A]

03 Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, today is a gift of God, which is why we call it the present.

04 Urbanization has been taking place since the Neolithic Revolution, when agriculture enabled food surpluses to create a division of labor in settlements.

05 Homer’s Iliad, which contained descriptions of actual places, was the basis for many early maps.

[B]

06 Cognitive computing is supported by machine learning and deep learning technology, which allows computers to autonomously learn from data.

07  Maurice Maeterlinck studied law and worked as a lawyer until 1889, when he decided to devote himself to writing. In 1897, he went to Paris, where he met many of the leading symbolist writers of the day.

08 Jobs may not be permanent, and you may lose your job for countless reasons, some of which you may not even be responsible for.

09 The spontaneous wish to learn, which every normal child has, as shown in their efforts to walk and talk, should be the driving force in education.

[C]

10 The bodies of all living creatures are organized into many different systems, each of which has a certain function.

11 One remarkable aspect of aboriginal culture is the concept of “totemism,” where the tribal member at birth assumes the soul and identity of a part of nature.

12 The television crime drama isn’t such a hit with police officers, who have criticized the series for presenting a highly misleading image of how crimes are solved.

Chapter 06 Review_실전편

[A]

01 There is only one thing that makes a dream impossible to achieve: the fear of failure.

02 Radioactive waste disposal has become one of the key environmental battlegrounds over which the future of nuclear power has been fought.

03 Fate is like a strange, unpopular restaurant filled with odd little waiters who bring you things you never asked for and don’t always like.

04 Multitasking is another way of saying you are going to complete several tasks, none of which are going to be very good.

[B]

05 Man is the only animal whose desires increase as they are fed; the only animal that is never satisfied.

06 We’re heading toward a world where an extensive trail of information fragments about us will be forever preserved on the Internet, displayed instantly in a search result.

07 Angela mentioned that for a long time she had wanted to get back into acting, which she used to do in college.

08 Penicillin, the first antibiotic to be discovered, kills a broad spectrum of bacteria, many of which cause disease in humans.

[C]

09 Values and their supporting beliefs are lenses through which we see the world.

10 In this information age when science and technology are developing with great rapidity, network has become an important symbol of modern life.

11 The police received a number of bomb warnings, all of which turned out to be false alarms.

[D]

12 Science operates within the context of the culture it exists in; it does not exist in a vacuum where pure absolute objectivity prevails.

13 For every one thing we think we have done on our own, there are a dozen things that had to be provided for us by others.

14 The brain modifies its structure in response to the different tasks it is required to do.

Unit 29_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 By means of photosynthesis, plants convert the radiant energy of the sun into chemical energy.

02 From the moment that we are born, we begin to make sense of the world around us by associating the unknown with the known.

[A]

03 Fossil fuels form beneath the ground from dead plants and animals that do not break down completely.

04  Despite its high price, this new cell phone sells like hot cakes because of its high quality.

05 We borrow environmental capital from future generations with no intention or prospect of repaying.

[B]

06 Each year about 50,000 species of plants and animals disappear from the planet as a result of human activity.

07  Sometimes my eyes get jealous of my heart because you always remain close to my heart and far from my eyes.

08 Upon discovering his own passion and talent for architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright dropped out of school and went to work for an architectural firm in Chicago.

09 Above all, watch with glittering eyes the whole world around you because the greatest secrets are always hidden in the most unlikely places.

[C]

10 In a democratic environment, old ideas can be challenged and rigorously criticized, though there are some difficulty due to the human desire to hold onto old ideas, especially by the original proposers.

11 In spite of the rare case of receiving rewarding email, we cannot resist the impulse to check email because our behaviors are maintained with the reward presented in an unpredictable way.

12 With the advent of social media, our children become impatient for an immediate answer or “Like” within minutes of sending an urgent piece of information out.

Unit 30_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Charles Dickens used his desperate experience as a child laborer in Victorian England to write David Copperfield.

02 That Friday morning, I awoke to find myself caught in the middle  of a social media storm.

[A]

03 Our brain organizes the available sensory information and environmental stimuli so as to make sense out of millions of bits and pieces of data.

04 When at length the deal was settled, Dr. Paul was delighted to purchase the carving at a reasonable price.

05 If an activity is easy to perform, easy to fit into your schedule, and easy to love, you’re more likely to stick with it.

[B]

06 We should carefully think about the reason for someone’s behavior to avoid coming to a hasty conclusion about it.

07 When temperatures near 0°C, water molecules start bonding with one another to form a crystal structure.

08 We would be honored to have you as a guest at the annual festival.

09 If you are fortunate to have opportunity, it is your duty to make sure other people have those opportunities as well.

[C]

10 We can’t help but think James must have his head in the clouds to talk like that.

11 Have you ever found yourself speaking to someone at length only to realize they haven’t heard a single thing you’ve said?

12 A child who has been repeatedly criticized for poor performance on math may learn to dodge difficult math problems in order to avoid further punishment.

Unit 31_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Our span of life is brief, but is long enough for us to live well and honestly.

02 Some kinds of viruses are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

[A]

03 You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.

04 Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future.

05 To make a long story short, Beauty fell in love with the Beast, who turned out to be a handsome prince.

[B]

06 Copywriters must be versatile enough to adjust to each new product and medium and to vary the language and tone of each message.

07 People draw too heavily, too quickly, on already overdrawn environmental resource accounts to be affordable far into the future without bankrupting those accounts.

08 It is not fair to ask of others what you are not willing to do yourself.

09 The team has lost the last two games and, to make matters worse, two of its best players are injured.

[C]

10 I always like to look on the optimistic side of life, but I am realistic enough to know that life is a complex matter.

11 The bargain must truly stand out in the consumer’s mind as a good deal that is just too exceptional to pass up.

12 Pollution has a negative effect on the health of everyone living in the city, not to mention the damage to the environment.

Unit 32_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Tapping his fingers loudly on the desk top, he made his impatience and dissatisfaction known.

02 Pressed for time and stuck in a deadlock, she had no idea how to finish the paper.

[A]

03 Being a hybrid art as well as a late one, film has always been in a dialogue with other narrative genres.

04 Taken daily, according to a new study, vitamin D can help treat severe asthma.

05 Originally raised mainly for their meat, sheep and goats became valuable also for their milk and wool.

[B]

06 Children at play often take on other roles, pretending to be Principal Walsh or Josh’s mom, happily forcing themselves to imagine how someone else thinks and feels.

07 A mother is a person who seeing there are only four pieces of pie for five people, promptly announces she never did care for pie.

08 Assumed to have a substantial amount of water, Mars is probably most habitable out of all the planets in our solar system.

09 When I find myself in times of trouble, mother Mary comes to me, speaking words of wisdom, “Let it be.” And in my hour of darkness she is standing right in front of me, speaking words of wisdom, “Let it be.”

[C]

10 Fueled by drought and development, wildfires in the West are getting bigger and more aggressive.

11 Seconds after its spectacular launch, the spacecraft with seven astronauts on board blew up and came apart, striking the viewers dumb with shock.

12 The very real genetic differences between races or genders are insignificant compared with the similarities in our minds.

Unit 33_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Not having been to the city before, I needed some tourist pamphlets.

02 Can we sustain our standard of living in the same ecological space while consuming the resources of that space?

[A]

03 The fundamental problem most patients face is an inability to love themselves, having been unloved by others during some crucial part of their lives.

04 I sat quietly in a chair, my only actions consisting of taking notes and stuffing my ears with wadded toilet paper.

05 Though seriously injured, the pilot crawled out of the wreckage and was flown by helicopter to a nearby medical center.

[B]

06 Turned down for countless jobs, Jenny didn’t give up hope and is now a successful architect.

07 In recent history, countries with the highest net inward migration have also had the highest growth rates, the two factors clearly being linked in harmony.

08 When faced with a bunch of watermelons, all promising delicious juiciness inside, how do you know which one to pick?

09 The time spent in lamenting their lot, if applied to honest endeavor, would yield splendid results and give them proper places in the world.

[C]

10 The making of a contract requires the mutual agreement of two or more persons or parties, one of them ordinarily making an offer and another accepting.

11 There being a dispute over a topic of environment, the country is to make an  effective law for its sustainable development.

12 When expelled from the nucleus of an atom, a neutron is unstable and decayed to form a proton and an electron.

Unit 34_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Adolescents have been quick to immerse themselves in technology with most using the Internet to communicate.

02 Judging from his latest novel that I have read, he seems to be a fairly promising writer.

[A]

03 While afloat, the reindeer is uniquely vulnerable, moving slowly with its antlers held high as it struggles to keep its nose above water.

04 Desperate to keep himself and his family from starving, Erich took any available job.

05 Granted that you’ve made some progress, you should not be conceited.

[B]

06 With the industrial society evolving into an information-based society, the concept of information as a product, a commodity with its own value, has emerged.

07 Unable to write, or even to speak clearly, Stephen Hawking was leaping beyond relativity, beyond quantum mechanics, beyond the Big Bang, to the ‘dance of geometry’ that created the universe.

08 Some pioneers in computer usage see the ultimate relation between man and computer as a symbiotic union of two living species, each completely dependent on the other for survival.

09 Strictly speaking, Great Britain consists of Scotland, Wales and England, and the United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

[C]

10 The role of science can sometimes be overstated, with its advocates slipping into scientism.

11 Taking into account growing population numbers, climate change and natural disasters, global food security is under threat.

12 With so much data collected about us and with anybody being able to disseminate it around the globe, is there anything we really can do to protect privacy?

Chapter 07 Review_실전편

[A]

01 Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one who gets burned.

02 I can’t change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination.

03 The virus is too small to carry all the molecular machinery required to replicate itself, which is why it needs a host cell to multiply.

04 Plants communicate, signaling to remote organs within an individual, eavesdropping on neighboring individuals, and exchanging information with other organisms.

[B]

05 A foreign exchange market gets influenced by a real world event, and has an impact on the economy of a nation, causing  the value of its money to rise and fall.

06 With so many people getting their information online, there may not be a need for traditional newspapers.

07 When seen near the horizon, the moon appears strikingly larger than when viewed overhead.

[C]

08 Teachers need to know their students well in order to teach them effectively.

09 The Internet is a modern luxury abounding with information, allowing you access to any information, all with the ease of a simple finger click.

10 It took me a little while to get used to this job, but now I could do it with my eyes closed.

[D]

11 All species are seen as having rights as people do, environmental welfare thus coming before human welfare.

12 Have you ever experienced the frustration of offering to help someone only to be told to mind your own business?

13 Faced with information that relates to what the old already know, their brains tend to work quicker and smarter discerning patterns and jumping to the logical end point.

Unit 35_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Once you replace negative thoughts with positive ones, you’ll start having positive results.

02 You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view.

[A]

03 We must be ready to abandon or modify our hypothesis as soon as it is shown to be inconsistent with the facts.

04 Lunar eclipses occur each time the Earth blocks the sun’s light from the moon during the moon’s full phase.

05 No sooner had I spoken the words than I felt an icy chill creep to my heart.

[B]

06 The moment you doubt whether you can fly, you cease forever to be able to do it.

07 Since the Industrial Revolution began in the eighteenth century, CO2 released during industrial processes has greatly increased the proportion of carbon in the atmosphere.

08 Each player must accept the cards life deals him or her; but once they are in hand, he or she alone must decide how to play the cards in order to win the game.

09 You can’t just ask customers what they want and then try to give that to them. By the time you get it built, they’ll want something new.

[C]

10 Art does not come to life until a spectator, a listener, or an audience breathes life into it by experiencing it.

11 Hardly had everybody taken their seats when the professor began his lecture.

12 Whenever a geneticist unlocks new secrets of the DNA molecule, it adds to our knowledge base and enables us to better the human condition.

Unit 36_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 As people are walking all the time, in the same spot, a path appears.

02 Don’t take the wrong side of an argument just because your opponent has taken the right side.

[A]

03 Knowing another language is a window into another culture, since how a society thinks and views the world is expressed through its language.

04 The time scales of geological activity are important for environmental geologists because they provide a way to measure human impacts on the natural world.

05 Now that tablet PCs, 3D VR glasses, and interactive whiteboards are so much a part of the modern classroom, many people fear reading books will no longer be as important.

[B]

06 Words can carry meanings beyond those consciously intended by speakers or writers because listeners or readers bring their own perspectives to the language they encounter.

07 Just because you can hear your robins, goldfinches, and sparrows chirping away happily in the garden every morning, don’t be fooled into thinking that all is well in ‘birdworld.’

08 As the nature of sarcasm implies a contradiction between intent and message, nonverbal cues may “leak” and reveal the speaker’s true mood.

09 Now that genetically modified foods are on our supermarket shelves, the genie is out of the bottle and cannot be put back in.

[C]

10 As price is decided by bringing demand and supply into equilibrium, an increase in supply leads to a fall in price and increase in equilibrium quantity.

11 If we are not to become ‘slaves to the machine’, we should keep in mind that since computer programs are designed by people, they, too, are fallible.

12 Now that labor’s clout has significantly diminished, knowledge workers have become the more important group in the economic equation.

Unit 37_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Differences of habit and language are nothing at all if our aims are identical and our hearts are open.

02 A life devoted to the acquisition of wealth is useless, unless we know how to turn it into joy.

[A]

03 In so far as changes in interest rates affect expectations, lower interest rates may still contribute to higher investment.

04 I don’t care who you are, where you’re from or what you did as long as you love me.

05 A motion may be withdrawn by its proposer at any time before voting on it has commenced, provided that the motion has not been amended.

[B]

06 If you wait for the mango fruits to fall, you’d be wasting your time while others are learning how to climb the tree.

07 You can’t think creatively about information unless you have information in your head to think about.

08 As far as we can discern, the sole purpose of human existence is to kindle a light in the darkness of mere being.

09 Mediation parallels advocacy in so far as it tends to involve a process of negotiation, but differs in so far as mediation involves adopting a neutral role between two opposing parties rather than taking up the case of one party against another.

[C]

10 An object that is moving at constant speed will eventually slow down and come to a stop unless there is something to keep it moving at constant speed.

11 Change may hurt us a little when it occurs, but if we accept it as a growth process, it will bring benefits in the long run.

12 There is no fee for the card and no interest is charged provided that the account is settled in full every month.

Unit 38_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 We do what we have to do so that we can do what we want to do.

02 It was so quiet in the room that I could hear the leaves being blown off the trees outside.

[A]

03 A scientific understanding of emotional intelligence may allow us to train our emotional skills so that we can live more fulfilling and productive lives.

04 The personal computer becomes far smaller and much more portable, so that some people such as writers or stock dealers are able to work wherever they are.

05 Some people are making such thorough preparation for rainy days that they aren’t enjoying today’s sunshine.

[B]

06 In 1936, King Edward VIII became the very first British monarch to voluntarily give up his throne when he abdicated so that he could marry Mrs. Simpson, a divorced American woman.

07 Her eyes are nothing but a pure emerald shining in the rays of the sun and the moon so that you can’t take your eyes off her.

08 When one door of happiness closes, another opens; but often we look so long at the closed door that we do not see the one which has been opened for us.

09 The witness described the suspect in such detail that the police were able to locate him in no time.

[C]

10 Rights and obligations should be so inseparable that a demand for one is always accompanied by a statement of the other.

11 If you live to be a hundred, I want to live to be a hundred minus one day so I never have to live without you.

12 When you are reading for study purposes, it is critical to read systematically, so you are able to integrate the new knowledge you acquire with what you already know.

Unit 39_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Even though a speech can be effective, all the words in the world cannot measure up to the example of a leader.

02 However hard you shop for an item, after you’ve bought it, it will be on sale somewhere cheaper.

[A]

03 Even if it turns out that time travel is impossible, it is important that we understand why it is impossible.

04 Before sound recording, classical music was passed down through written scores, whereas early jazz mainly relied on live performance.

05 Strange as it may sound, the diamond, so clear and transparent, is composed of the same material as coal and soot, namely carbon.

[B]

06 No matter what emotion you’re feeling right now, you can count on one thing—it will change.

07 If we don’t have the power to choose where we come from, we can still choose where we go from there.

08 Newton imagined that masses affect each other by exerting a force, while in Einstein’s theory the effects occur through a bending of space and time and there is no concept of gravity as a force.

09 I’ll do whatever it takes to win games, whether it’s sitting on a bench waving a towel, handing a cup of water to a teammate, or hitting the game-winning shot.

[C]

10 Though most people agree that clothes do not make the person, they spend considerable time and money dressing themselves in the newest fashion.

11 Whereas science is concerned with finding and stating the facts, poetry’s task is to give you the look, the smell, the taste, and the “feel” of those facts.

12 Whatever you want to do, if you want to be great at it, you have to love it and be able to make sacrifices for it.

Unit 40_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 A mind needs books as a sword needs a whetstone, if it is to keep its edge.

02 Most textbooks are written as if science is a set of truths to be memorized.

[A]

03 The horse-drawn carriage was itself a technological innovation, as were the horseless carriage and later automobiles.

04 Just as a flesh-and-blood beast influences and is influenced by its environment, so too do science and society mutually influence one another.

05 Live as though you intend to live forever, and work as though your strength were limitless.

[B]

06 We need to see people as they are, not as we would like them to be.

07  Just as darkness comes at the end of each day, so also comes the dawn to spread light across the land. Just as plants must die at the end of their life cycle, the seeds they have produced will emerge as new plants in the spring.

08 Act as if what you do makes a difference. It does.

09 Even when you feel as though there isn’t a lot you can do to change unhappiness or problems, you can always do a little—and a little at a time eventually makes a big difference.

[C]

10 As there are differing tastes and preferences among different peoples and regions of the world, so do tastes and preferences evolve over the course of centuries.

11 We usually take for granted our ability to produce and understand speech, just as we are not particularly aware of the action of our hearts, brains, or other essential organs.

12 Once you have listened to the gossip for some time, you will soon feel as if you know everyone, even if you have never met them.

Chapter 8 Review_실전편

[A]

01 Celebrate what you’ve accomplished, but raise the bar a little higher each time you succeed.

02 A broken heart is just the growing pains necessary so that you can love more completely when the real thing comes along.

03 The rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights―freedom of speech, assembly, religion, and so on―fall within negative rights, as do the rights to freedom from injury and to privacy.

04 Food unites as well as distinguishes eaters because what and how one eats forms much of one’s emotional tie to a group identity, be it a nation or an ethnicity.

[B]

05 The noise of barking and yelling from the park at night is so loud and disturbing that I cannot relax in my apartment.

06 The teacher had no sooner gone out of the classroom than all of the students burst out laughing.

07 If you are stuck in a pattern of doing the same things every day and you feel as though you are becoming dull, perhaps it is time to stop and sharpen your axe.

[C]

08 Now that we are all part of the global village, everyone becomes a neighbor.

09 Much as I sympathize with your difficulties, there is little I can do to help you.

10 Leave things as they are until the police arrive.

[D]

11 Adolescents are so primed to learn that they are also extremely vulnerable to learning the wrong things.

12 Unless an actor speaks and moves in the manner in which the imaginary character whose part he is playing would do, the story will not be clearly communicated to the audience.

13 While physics and mathematics may tell us how the universe began, they are not much use in predicting human behavior because there are far too many equations to solve.

Unit 41_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 If people knew how hard I had to work to gain my mastery, it would not seem so wonderful at all.

02 If thunder should occur, it would be better to find a shelter as soon as possible and avoid dangerous places.

[A]

03 I heard a young boy on television say, “If I were President, I’d give everybody enough money to buy whatever they want.”

04 If an asteroid with a diameter of 30 km were to collide with the Earth, it would probably bring an end to human civilization.

05 Should you meet a jaguar in the jungle, just turn slowly, walk away, and never look back.

[B]

06 If young people understood how doing well in school makes the rest of their life so much interesting, they would be more motivated.

07 Many species of animals could not survive were it not for the strong maternal instinct to protect the young.

08 If the universe were to rewind back to the beginning and the laws of nature were the same, would everything happen in the exact same way?

09 Should you find our service useful, further information can be obtained by contacting our office.

[C]

10 When Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln’s opponent in the presidential election, accused Lincoln of being two-faced during a debate, Lincoln self-deprecatingly responded like this. “Honestly, if I were two-faced, would I be wearing this one?”

11 Delicious autumn! My very soul is wedded to it, and if I were a bird I would fly about the earth seeking the successive autumns.

12 If a man were to come back from the past and watch the modern world, he would note any number of things that would intoxicate him with wonder and delight.

Unit 42_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 He wouldn’t have stopped smoking if his doctor hadn’t told him about the condition of his lungs.

02 In my own travels, had I taken packaged tours I never would have had any eye-opening experiences.

[A]

03 If the truck driver had only taken a few minutes to get the nail removed, he most likely would not have had a flat tire yesterday.

04 As a firefighter, I have seen many people die in fires. Most could have saved themselves had they been prepared.

05 Can you imagine what the world today would be like if Leonardo da Vinci had become a farmer or Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart a banker?

[B]

06 If I am a great man, it is all thanks to my mother. Hadn’t she devoted herself to supporting me, I could never have become what I am.

07 We must assume that we had one chance each for The Divine Comedy and King Lear. If Dante and Shakespeare had died before they wrote those works, nobody ever would have written them.

08 Some economists discovered that gym goers would have been better off, financially, had they chosen to pay per workout rather than signing up for monthly or annual memberships.

09 If Louise had not learned the effective parenting skills taught in the seminars, she would probably be using similarly ineffective threatening techniques with her own children today.

[C]

10 If our ancestors hadn’t agonized over losses and instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they’d have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone’s ancestor.

11 Had it not been for Newton, Einstein might never have had his own miracle year that completely revolutionized our view of gravity, space, matter, and time.

12 Copernicus doubted that the earth was the center of the universe. If it had not been for doubt, we should be now even more ignorant than we really are.

Unit 43_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 I wish I were endowed with an artistic talent for painting masterpieces like Pablo Picasso’s.

02 The woman smiled and he felt as if she lit up the world around her.

[A]

03 I wish I had accepted your invitation, rather than running away with my tail between my legs.

04 Even though I don’t personally believe in the Lord, I try to behave as though He was watching.

05 He burst into a high-pitched laugh, as though he’d said something funny.

[B]

06 I wish I could turn the clock back and give Mom a fraction of what she gave to me.

07 No one on his deathbed ever said, “I wish I had spent more time on my business.”

08 To achieve great things we must live as though we were never going to die.

09 Men occasionally stumble over the truth, but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing had happened.

[C]

10 I’ve lived my life taking risks and I wish I could tell you they were all  successful, but they weren’t.

11 Toward the end of their administrations, every president I think I’ve ever known was disappointed and wished they had done some things differently.

12 All told, every second, our senses transmit an estimated 11 million bits of information to our poor brains, as if a giant fiber-optic cable were plugged directly into them, firing information at full speed.

Unit 44_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Dreams come true. Without that possibility, nature would not incite us to have them.

02 In different circumstances, I would have enjoyed that journey. My legs were very tired and sore.

[A]

03 Coronavirus is a completely different type of virus. Otherwise it would be called flu.

04 Only a fool would ignore his past experience when confronted with a new situation.

05 To see her walking around in her old clothes, you’d never guess she owned a multi-million dollar business.

[B]

06 We would not have had men on the Moon but for Wells and Verne and the people who write about this and made people think about it.

07 All great achievers in past ages possessed singleness of purpose without exception. Without it, Columbus wouldn’t have started upon the voyage that made his name immortal.

08 A hundred years ago not a doctor in the world could have assured a patient that an operation would be painless.

09 Born in better times, he would have done credit to society.

[C]

10 In the past it never occurred to me that every casual remark of mine would be snatched up and recorded. Otherwise I would have crept further into my shell.

11 With the right software, I could help students form a concrete idea of society by displaying on-screen a version of the city in which they live.

12 Ironically, while many of us perceive insects as harmful pests—dangerous, ugly, and disease-ridden—in reality, without the service of pollination which they provide, humankind might cease to exist.

Chapter 9 Review_실전편

[A]

01 If everything given to us by research were to be taken away, civilization would collapse and we would stand naked, searching for caves again.

02 It was wonderful to find America, but it would have been more wonderful to miss it.

03 He drowsed off, but then woke up abruptly, as though someone had called his name.

04 The sun, the moon and the stars would have disappeared long ago, had they happened to be within reach of predatory human hands.

[B]

05 When two cultures come into contact, they do not exchange every cultural item. If that were the case, there would be no cultural differences in the world today.

06 Indeed, if our early African ancestors hadn’t been good at fixing all their attention on the just-ripened fruit or the approaching predators, we wouldn’t be here.

07 I wish I could have called my family more often while I was away from home.

[C]

08 If we had stopped at the service station, we wouldn’t have run out of gas.

09 I wish I had known there was a sale. I would have gone with you.

10 Had it not been for antibiotics, medicine would not have made such remarkable progress.

[D]

11 Without your donations, many more children would go hungry.

= If it were not for your donations, many more children would go hungry.

= Were it not for your donations, many more children would go hungry.

12 You told me how the film ends; it would have been better if you had not told me.

= I wish you hadn’t told me how the film ends.

13 I got caught in a traffic jam; otherwise I would have been here sooner.

= I got caught in a traffic jam; if I had not got caught in a traffic jam, I would have been here sooner.

Unit 45_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 What you get by achieving your goals is not as important as what you become by achieving your goals.

02 The human brain cell can hold five times as much information as the Encyclopaedia Britannica.

[A]

03 To ask what is the use of poetry should be as absurd as asking what is the use of a rainbow, or the sea, or a nice dress.

04 The International Space Station is almost four times as large as the Russian space station Mir and about five times as large as the U.S. Skylab.

05 It is important not so much to give a man bread, as to put him in the way of earning it for himself.

[B]

06 A person’s choice and use of words tells as much about him or her as do manners, dress, and general behavior.

07 Happiness is produced not so much by great pieces of good fortune that seldom happen, as by little advantages that occur every day.

08 While people today have twice as much spending power as they did in the 1950s, they are ten times more likely to be depressed.

09 A hero can be anyone, even a man doing something as simple and reassuring as putting a coat on a young boy’s shoulders to let him know that the world hadn’t ended.

[C]

10 The consequences of interaction can be difficult to foresee because they depend as much on the behavior of others as on oneself.

11 Singapore has nearly 8,000 people per km2, and is more than 200 times as dense as the U.S.

12 Most insomnia is not an illness or a physical condition so much as a  symptom of another problem that may simply be a reaction to certain medications, anxiety about travel, or stress before a job interview.

Unit 46_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 According to recent research, the universe is expanding faster today than it did in its infancy.

02 The energy in sunlight arriving on earth contains about twelve thousand times more energy than humanity uses in a year.

[A]

03 It is more important to be honorable and trustworthy than to look important for one small minute.

04 Learning to study effectively is even more important than merely acquiring a particular body of information.

05 Champion golfers are much less likely than average golfers to blame their problems on the weather, the course, or chance factors. Instead they focus relentlessly on their own performance.

[B]

06 Medical procedures may sound scarier when presented in terms of the risk of dying, rather than the likelihood of coming through unharmed.

07 We are always more anxious to be distinguished for a talent which we do not possess, than to be praised for the fifteen which we do possess.

08 What some call health, if purchased by perpetual anxiety about diet, isn’t much better than tedious disease.

09 It takes two to six times more grain to produce food value through animals than to get the equivalent value directly from plants.

[C]

10 Astronomers observe that the sun’s diameter is more than one hundred times larger than the earth’s.

11 Insights are far more likely to come when you are in the mind-wandering mode than in the task-focused mode.

12  Big cars that use a lot of petrol are less popular now than twenty years ago.

Unit 47_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 The more we use certain parts of our brain, the more developed and efficient those parts of the brain become.

02 A collection of facts is no more science than a dictionary is poetry.

[A]

03 According to Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity, the faster a spaceship goes, the slower its clock ticks and the shorter its length in the direction of travel gets.

04 Man is no more than a reed, the weakest in nature, but he is a thinking reed.

05 Air pollution does no less harm to birds and animals than it does to human beings.

[B]

06 Anyone who has tried to complete a jigsaw puzzle as the clock ticked on toward a deadline knows that the more they struggle to find the missing pieces, the harder it is to find them.

07 We have called upon the people to set their air conditioners at no lower than 28 degrees Celsius in the summer and no higher than 20 in the winter.

08 We can no more explain a passion to a person who has never experienced it than we can explain light to the blind.

09 Organic farmers grow crops that are no less plagued by pests than those of conventional farmers; insects generally do not discriminate between organic and conventional as well as we do.

[C]

10 The closer the people in the world become, the more frequently they are exposed to people from other cultures.

11 If all our knowledge stopped at the level of the senses, we would be no better off than the subhuman members of the animal kingdom.

12 Mind is not to be found in molecules any more than the works of Shakespeare were to be found in his genes.

Unit 48_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Global warming is considered to be the most serious threat facing humanity by many environmentalists.

02 Nothing in all the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity.

[A]

03 Personal computers have become the most empowering tool we’ve ever created.

04 Next to religion, baseball has had a greater impact on our American way of life than any other American institution.

05 No other writer’s plays have been produced so many times or read so widely in so many countries as Shakespeare’s.

[B]

06 Nobody is so miserable as he who longs to be somebody and something other than the person he is in body and mind.

07 One of the hardest things in this world is to admit you are wrong. And nothing is more helpful in resolving a situation than its frank admission.

08 The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not “Eureka!” (I found it!) but “That’s funny.”

09 The Amazon’s aquatic life, such as freshwater dolphins, 400-pound catfish, giant eels, is larger and more diverse than that of all the other river systems in the world.

[C]

10 Of all the wonderful and unique characteristics of man, his ability to communicate through the use of language is perhaps the most important.

11  Although humans are not the only animals who use tools, our species has developed this skill to a far greater extent than any other animal.

12 In today’s industry, where technology and speed of information are critical factors, nothing is more valuable to our clients than providing timely and accurate information.

Chapter 10 Review_실전편

[A]

01 An individual neuron sending a signal in the brain uses as much energy as a leg muscle cell running a marathon.

02 Knowledge can no more be planted in the human mind without labor than a field of wheat can be produced without the previous use of the plow.

03 126 different studies of more than 36,000 people found that the more prone to anxieties a person is, the poorer his or her academic performance is.

04 There is no other quality so essential to success of any kind as the quality of perseverance. It overcomes almost everything, even nature.

[B]

05 Solids, like wood for example, transfer sound waves much better than air typically  does because the molecules in a solid substance are much closer and more tightly packed together than they are in air.

06 The more effectively parents communicate their loving authority, the more secure the child feels.

07 The brain’s running costs are about eight to ten times as high, per unit mass, as those of the body’s muscles.

08 Having children makes you no more a parent than having a piano makes  you a pianist.

[C]

09 Recycling plastic saves twice as much energy as it takes to burn it.

10 The more experience you have, the more job opportunities you’ll find.

11 No bread in the world is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.

[D]

12 Fear defeats more people than any other one thing in the world.

= Nothing in the world defeats so many people as fear.

13 Just as a horse is not a fish, a whale is not a fish either.

= A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.

= A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.

14 She is a realist rather than a pessimist.

= She is not so much a pessimist as a realist.

= She is not a pessimist so much as a realist.

Unit 49_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 On no account must you give your banking details to anyone over the phone or by email.

02 Trustworthy are those who give not only compliments but also bitter advice.

[A]

03 Not until the rise of ecology at the beginning of the twentieth century did people begin to think seriously of land as a natural system with interconnecting parts.

04 Every cell is a triumph of natural selection, and we’re made of trillions of cells. Within us, is a little universe.

05 Natural ability is necessary to become an expert in anything, but no less important is the willingness to study.

[B]

06 For a computer to solve a problem, not only must the solution be very detailed, but it must also be written in a form the computer can understand.

07 Under no circumstances will anyone’s personal information be given out to any third party without the express permission of the person concerned.

08 Out of the fundamentals of elementary algebra evolved the abstract algebra used today and the concept of an algebraic structure.

09 Included in this chapter is a list of frequently misspelled words, which you may find it helpful to memorize.

[C]

10 Only in the last few decades, in the primarily industrially developed economies, has food become so plentiful and easy to obtain as to cause fat-related health problems.

11 Fundamental to most moral approaches is the idea that human life has a special dignity and value that is worth preserving even at the expense of self-interest.

12 Laid before me was, I realized, a scene of almost classical rural beauty—the meadows dotted with contented animals, the woods in the background, a twisting stream threading through it all.

Unit 50_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 The present moment does not exist in the equations of physics, and therefore neither does the flow of time.

02 What the caterpillar calls the end of the world the world calls a butterfly.

[A]

03 Such was the power of his voice that even those at the back of the room gazed at the speaker in awe.

04 Philosophy, which is understood to be the desire to acquire wisdom, is a fundamental part of the human being, and so is science.

05 The release of atomic energy has not created a new problem. It has merely made more urgent the necessity of solving an existing one.

[B]

06 So closely is sniffing tied to odor perception that people routinely sniff when they are asked to imagine a smell.

07 People often say that motivation doesn’t last. Well, neither does bathing— that’s why we recommend it daily.

08 We carry home what we have bought in some vessel, but learning we cannot put in any other vessel but our minds.

09 How on earth are you ever going to explain in terms of chemistry and physics so important a biological phenomenon as first love?

[C]

10 So quickly did he rush out of the office that he forgot to lock up and set the alarm.

11 Unlike animals, plants cannot pick up their roots and race for safety. Nor have many plants taken the offensive and become predators.

12 The large part of our thoughts and feelings that we do not know and cannot control Sigmund Freud called the unconscious.

Unit 51_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 It is the interaction between our genes and the environment that determines whether we develop an illness.

02 It was not until the twelfth century that the magnetic compass was used for navigation.

[A]

03 Success is not final, failure is not fatal : it is the courage to continue that counts.

04 It is not the number of books which a young man reads that makes him intelligent and well-informed, but the number of well-chosen ones that he has mastered.

05 It is through his untiring effort that the singer has succeeded in becoming what he is now, getting out of what he was.

[B]

06 It is not work, but overwork, that is hurtful; and it is not hard work that is injurious so much as unwilling work.

07 Heritage is more concerned with meanings than material artefacts. It is the former that give value, either cultural or financial, to the latter and explain why they have been selected from the near infinity of the past.

08 It’s not until we’re being massaged by warm water, unable to check our e-mail, that we’re finally able to hear the quiet voices in the backs of our heads telling us about the insight.

09 I’ve made the most important discovery of my life. It’s only in the mysterious equation of love that any logical reasons can be found.

[C]

10 I have been looking for the biography of Steve Jobs.

→ It is the biography of Steve Jobs that[which] I have been looking for.

11 Some people say science deprives man of his dreams and of his poetry, but we can also say poetry and dreams have developed science.

→ Some people say science deprives man of his dreams and of his poetry, but we can also say it is poetry and dreams that[which] have developed science.

12 We may discover the true strength of the brilliant light only in our darkest hours within ourselves.

→ It is only in our darkest hours that we may discover the true strength of the brilliant light within ourselves.

Unit 52_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Alpha rhythm, a brain wave frequency of moderate voltage, is characteristic of a person who is awake but relaxed.

02 Coevolution is the concept that two or more species of organisms can reciprocally influence the evolutionary direction of the other.

[A]

03 Throughout history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.

04 Scientists tried to extract knowledge by devising theories, that is, building models to explain the data they observed.

05 As humans, we respond to everything in our environment in one of two basic ways: we either approach stimuli or we avoid stimuli.

[B]

06 Don’t try to be a jack-of-all-trades, I-can-do-anything job applicant, also known as a “slash” person.

07 The so-called Mozart effect — listening to Mozart will make your child smarter —is a good example of a scientific finding being distorted by the media through hype not warranted by the research.

08 We are survival machines, robot vehicles blindly programmed to preserve the selfish molecules known as genes.

09 The first time rock ‘n’ roll came into being, it received much criticism on the grounds that it could be a threat to the traditional culture, just as jazz did thirty-five years ago.

[C]

10 Only the smallest fraction of the human race has ever acquired the habit of taking an objective view of the past.

11 There is a growing interest in computer programs that can analyze data and extract information automatically from them—in other words, learn.

12 In writing or speaking English, there is only the general principle that concrete words are better than abstract ones, and that the shortest way of saying anything is always the best.

Unit 53_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 The little reed, bending to the force of the wind, soon stood upright again when the storm had passed over.

02 A fallacy is an idea that a lot of people think is true but which is false.

[A]

03 What’s dangerous about the Internet is, because it has the aura of technology around it, it has a totally undeserved instant credibility.

04 An idealist is one who, on noticing that a rose smells better than a cabbage, concludes that it will also make better soup.

05 Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work.

[B]

06 Words are, in my not so humble opinion, our most inexhaustible source of magic, capable of both influencing injury, and remedying it.

07 We can share what we know, however little it might be, with someone who has need of that knowledge.

08 There are computer programs which, when they are fed patients’ medical histories, can predict health issues such as heart attacks more reliably than doctors.

09 It looks like water was on Mars, because the surface features resemble those on Earth that we know are made by water.

[C]

10 Our judgments are so liable to be influenced by many considerations, which almost, without our knowing it, are unfair, that it is necessary to keep a guard upon them.

11 People may change the kinds of games they are playing, but an interest in interactive entertainment media, once acquired, seems never to fade.

12 I recently saw a news interview with an acquaintance who I was certain was going to lie about a few particularly sensitive issues, and lie she did.

Unit 54_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 It is found that puppies only a few weeks old could interpret human signals, while full-grown wolves raised by humans could not.

02 The object of education is, or ought to be, to provide exercise for student’s potential capacities.

[A]

03 Marshall McLuhan noted that clothes are people’s extended skin, wheels extended feet, camera and telescopes extended eyes.

04 A snack with the label “99% natural” seems more appealing than it would if labeled “1% unnatural.”

05 Mathematics is an area of study that I’m attracted to, interested in, and good at, though I have not explored it in depth.

[B]

06 Sleep is to the brain what food is to the body. That is to say, if deprived of adequate sleep, the brain cannot function properly.

07 Scientific beliefs are supported by evidence, and they get results. Myths and faiths are not and do not.

08 In the realm of human psychology, research has long noted the essential trait of adapting to life’s events, whether happy or tragic.

09 It takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to our enemies, but just as much to stand up to our friends.

[C]

10 The computer is only a fast idiot; it has no imagination; it cannot originate action. It is, and will remain, only a tool of man.

11 Pride causes individuals to be out of touch with the reality of who they truly are and of what really brings happiness.

12 Only after the immediate concerns of the unconscious have been satisfied can the conscious mind begin to be convinced of, or interested in, anything.

Chapter 11 Review_실전편

[A]

01 At the heart of individualism lies the belief that each individual person constitutes the center of one’s universe.

02 It is not what he has, nor even what he does, which directly expresses the worth of a man, but what he is.

03 It’s a common misconception that money is every entrepreneur’s metric for success. It’s not, and nor should it be.

04 Don’t get caught up in thinking that any success you experience as a student has no bearing on, or relationship to, future success in the “real” world.

[B]

05 Break the ‘big, fat, terrible book’ down into sections that you feel are more manageable and read through them one at a time.

06 Even more significant than the ability to communicate knowledge by means of signs and sounds was the development of a means of preserving the knowledge through written records.

07 It is in our ancient myths that many writers find the core of the human struggle to make sense of the world and to find one’s role— in short, a road map to the human psyche.

[C]

08 The police arrested a man who they suspected had been at the crime scene.

09 It’s the possibility of having a dream come true that makes life interesting.

10 Scarcely had we started out before the sky became overcast and down came the rain again.

[D]

11 Any discussion of coevolution quickly runs into what philosophers call a “causality dilemma,” a problem we recognize from the question, “Which came first, the chicken or the egg?”

12 The wise are instructed by reason; ordinary minds, by experience; the stupid, by necessity; and brutes, by instinct.

13 In my experience, it’s not what happens to you in life, but how you deal with it, that makes you a survivor and a winner.

Unit 55_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Be thankful for what you have and you’ll end up having more.

02 I am the wisest man alive, for I know one thing, and that is that I know nothing.

[A]

03 Cut your coat according to your cloth, or you’ll repent some day.

04 Everyone admits that love is wonderful and necessary, yet no one agrees on just what it is.

05 Criminalizing a behavior does not make it immoral, nor is all immoral behavior necessarily criminalized.

[B]

06 Change the way you look at things and the things you look at change.

07 When a finger is pointing a way to the moon, don’t concentrate on the finger or you will miss all that heavenly glory!

08 I will love the light for it shows me the way, yet I will endure the darkness for it shows me the stars.

09 Appreciation is the highest form of prayer, for it acknowledges the presence of good wherever you shine the light of your thankful thoughts.

[C]

10 The rough times must be endured and taken as they come, but they are not constant, nor do they last forever.

11 We sometimes think of aging as a process applying uniformly to the whole organism, yet physiological studies show that different parts of the body age at different rates.

12 The old maxim “I’ll sleep when I’m dead” is unfortunate. Adopt this mindset, and you will be dead sooner and the quality of that life will be worse.

Unit 56_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 The athletes competed to gain honor both for themselves and for their countries rather than achieve great wealth.

02 The Internet is the greatest tool we have not only for making people smarter quicker, but also for making people dumber faster.

[A]

03 The stupid neither forgive nor forget; the naive forgive and forget; the wise forgive but do not forget.

04 A word isn’t ambiguous by itself but is used ambiguously : it is ambiguous when one cannot tell from the context what sense is being used.

05 Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes.

[B]

06 As fruit needs not only sunshine but cold nights and chilling showers to ripen it, so character needs not only joy but trial and difficulty to mellow it.

07 Mishaps are like knives that either serve us or cut us as we grasp them by the handle or blade.

08 The true mark of heroes lies not necessarily in the result of their actions, but in what they are willing to do for others and for their chosen causes.

09 Movies offer both the happy ending that we love and the more conservative support of the dominant culture that guides behavior in “the real world.”

[C]

10 Neither a wise man nor a brave man lies down on the tracks of history to wait for the train of the future to run over him.

11 The whole aim of good teaching is to turn the young learner into an independent man, who doesn’t merely learn but works by himself.

12 The language which every human being speaks is not an individual inheritance, but a social acquisition from the group in which he grows up.  Both language and environment help to determine the character of his thought.

Unit 57_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 Creative solutions come from viewing something differently and discovering what others have missed.

02 Testing allows us not merely to confirm our theories but to weed out those that do not fit the evidence.

[A]

03 Some drug companies have frequently been caught making false claims about their products or hiding information to cover up their dangers.

04 Many people who have type II diabetes are advised to control their blood sugar levels by following a healthy diet, taking exercise and losing weight.

05 The world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, but because of the people who don’t do anything about it.

[B]

06 In music, cacophony is discordant sounds, false harmony, or noisy and inharmonious combinations of sounds.

07 Teachers cannot seat children all behind desks in a classroom, dictate information to them and expect them to absorb all of it like a sponge.

08 The value of life is not in the length of days, but in the use we make of them; a man may live long yet very little.

09 The law about a contract considers such questions as whether it exists, what the meaning of it is, whether it has been broken, and what compensation is due to the injured party.

[C]

10 By sensing whether people are in the house or which rooms they are in, a smart thermostat can either switch off heating or cooling completely or concentrate on the rooms where the people are.

11 Electric cars have several limitations that reduce their popularity. Some of these disadvantages are that the autos are expensive, are relatively slow, and require constant recharging.

12 Recently, researchers have suggested that the purpose of laughter is not just to communicate that one is in a playful state, but to induce this state in others as well.

Unit 58_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 “Judging from the scene, there is little chance of there being any survivors,” an airport official said.

02 I think dreams can come true, but not necessarily like fairy-tales. It’s not always so perfect like that.

[A]

03 There have been few, if any, human societies that have not had their own codes of ethics. There are few, if any, human beings not interested in distinctions between right and wrong.

04 When the ancestors of the cheetah first began pursuing the ancestors of the gazelle, neither of them could run as fast as they can today.

05 No sensible decision can be made any longer without taking into account not only the world as it is, but the world as it will be.

[B]

06 All that is gold does not glitter. Not all those who wander are lost.

07 With free capital flows, monetary policy could be directed either at stabilizing an exchange rate or controlling inflation, but not both.

08 A new idea comes suddenly and in a rather intuitive way. But intuition is nothing but the outcome of earlier intellectual experience.

09 No one has given so much care to the study of composition as I. There is scarcely a famous master in music whose works I have not frequently and diligently studied.

[C]

10 People rarely succeed unless they have fun in what they are doing.

11 Hardly any discovery is possible without making use of knowledge gained by others.

12 Geniuses don’t necessarily have a higher success rate than other creators; they simply do more—and they do a range of different things.

Unit 59_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 We are used to thinking of light as always going in straight lines. But it doesn’t.

02 It’s no use carrying an umbrella if your shoes are leaking.

[A]

03 Those who don’t set goals, will have a difficult time figuring out how to reach them.

04 Don’t waste your time looking back at what you lost. Move on. Life is not meant to be traveled backwards.

05 It goes without saying that stating a problem is not the same thing as solving it in practice.

[B]

06 During sleep, while the body rests, the brain is busy processing information from the day and forming memories.

07 She made a point of sending thank-you notes to everyone who attended her party.

08 It is no use saying, “We are doing our best.” You have got to succeed in doing what is necessary.

09 It’s a dangerous business, Frodo, going out your door. You step onto the road, and if you don’t keep your feet, there’s no knowing where you might be swept off to.

[C]

10 A good book enlightening your mind is worth reading over again and again.

11 There is no telling how far science and technology will have progressed by the end of this century.

12 People have a hard time letting go of their suffering. Out of a fear of the unknown, they prefer suffering that is familiar.

Unit 60_실전편

[Standard Sentences]

01 There have been many debates as to whether cryptocurrency should be classified as property, commodity, money, or security.

02 Ecosystems are dynamic in that their various parts are always changing.

[A]

03 One day President Roosevelt told me that he was asking publicly for suggestions about what the war should be called. I said at once “The Unnecessary War.”

04 Technology is the basis of many of our metaphors and is important in terms of how we think and how our ideas progress.

05 What you do for a living is critical to where you settle and how you live —and the converse is also true

[B]

06 The success of the talks is up to whether both sides are willing to make some concessions.

07 In biology, the “niche” of a species is broadly defined by what it eats and how it reproduces.

08 Competition is basically concerned with how the availability of resources, such as food and space, is reduced by other organisms.

09 Winning is important to me, but what brings me real joy is the experience of being fully engaged in whatever I’m doing.

[C]

10 In choosing which path to take with some of life’s decisions, ethics are often at the center; heavily influencing our choices between what is right and what is wrong.

11 We hunger to understand, so we invent myths about how we imagine the world is constructed.

12 The knowledge you have acquired will enable you to be successful in whatever field you may enter.

Chapter 12 Review_실전편

[A]

01 People are often blinded by love, making bad judgments and wrong choices, or doing stupid and foolish things, under the influence of love.

02 Blockchain technology is not a company, nor is it an app, but rather an entirely new way of documenting data on the Internet.

03 Material wealth in and of itself does not necessarily generate meaning or lead to emotional wealth.

04 You probably wouldn’t worry about what people think of you if you could know how seldom they do.

[B]

05 Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can merely be transformed from one state to another.

06 Just walking through a garden or, for that matter, seeing one out your window, can lower blood pressure, reduce stress, and ease pain.

07 Having grown up in a culture that appreciates modesty and reserve, he was not accustomed to expressing emotions in public.

08 Introducing drones to our emergency services could save lives by transporting materials like blood and AEDs more quickly, locating people inside burning buildings, and helping the police track suspects.

[C]

09 You can move the cursor either by using the mouse or by using the arrow keys on the keyboard.

10 Advertisements do not always tell you everything you need to know in order to make a wise choice.

11 True love cannot be found where it does not exist, nor can it be denied where it does.

[D]

12 A hypothesis not only should fit the facts which brought about its creation but should also be compatible with the rest of the body of science.

13 When people are overwhelmed with the volume of information confronting them, they have difficulty knowing what to focus on.

14 Where the degree of competition is particularly intense, a zero-sum game can quickly become a negative sum game, in that everyone in the market is faced with additional costs.